Carbureter.



D, CAHILL..

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 15 1913.

L' f5 Patented Apr. 4, 1916.-

a .d/Q 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

a. v ATTORNEYS :DANIEL CAHILL, OF COURBEVOIE, FRANCE.

CARBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 4, 1916.

Application filed September 15, 1913. Serial No. 789,793.

To all whom #may concern:

Be it known that I, DANIEL CAHILL, subject of the King of Great Britain,residing at 108 -Quaide Courbevoie, Courbevoie, Seine, in the Republicof France, have invented certain new and useful Improve-- ments inCarbureters for Explosion-Engines, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to improvements in carbureters for explosionengines and more particularly to those of the type wherein a chokingmember, operated by hand and controlling ythe admission of the mixtureof air and liquid fuelI to the combustion chamber of the engine, isconnected with a Similar choking member designed to vary at the sametime the sectional area of the passageA `drawn "in, before or during itspassage to the combustion chamber; thirdly, the adjunction of heatdirect to the liquid, before its discharge through the spraying nozzle.However, the advantage obtained by the use of such means can only besecured to the detriment of the thermic output of the engine. Indeed.the resistance opposed to the fiow of the air by reason of the verysmall sectional area of the passage of the same has the result 'ofpreventing the filling of the cylinder during the spells of greatangular velocities; again, the elevation of the temperature gives riseto a variation in inverse directions of the respective weights of theair and liquid bodies which are actually drawn in, the weight of the airdiminishing by'unity of volume and the liquid increasing both in weightand in the volume discharged by unity of time:

The carbureter according to this invention does away with or greatlydiminishes vthe aforesaid drawbacks, which are inherent in all the'carbureters of the same kind, now in use.

In the accompanying drawings: Flgure l is au elevation of the improvedcarbureter; Fig. 2 is a plan view-of the same; Fig. 3 is a side view, asseen from theleft of Fig. l; Fig. el is a longitudinal vertical sectionon the central plane of the device. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section onthe line of Fig. 4: Fig. (5 is a section on thelinc (5 7 of Fig. l, assc'en from left to right; Fig. 7 is a similar section, as seen fromright to left; Figs. S and 9 are details, as seen from the front andedgewise respectively, of a cup hereinafter described. Fig. 10 is `anelevation of a second embodiment of this invention, partly in verticalsection; Fig. 11 is a vertical section on the central plane of theregulator; Fig. l2'is a top plan View of the carbureter, partly insection; and

Fig. 13 is a diag am showing the carbureter installed on an engine.

The apparatus shown in Figs. l to 9 `inclusively is so built up as tocommunicate a large amount of heat to the liquid fuel, on its issue fromthe spraying nozzle andbefore its mixture with the amount of air whichis required for its combustion. For this purpose, the spraying nozzle islocated in aposition away from the main passage for the air and it maybe considered as being interposed on a small branch pipe one end ofwhich is open to the atmosphere, while the other end is located on theaXial line of the choking shell, which is placed in the suction pipe ofthe engine, between the atmosphere and the combustion chamber. The mainsupply of air is drawn in, before being heated. through such pipe -andreceives its supply of fuel when' passing through the shell. The devicecomprises a reservoir orv float chamber a always at the 'same levelwithin which lies a lioat a1 and which is provided on its out-er wallwith a projection a2 in the shape of. a hollow T, the vertical conduitaa of which communicates, at the bottom, with the interior of thereservoir a and is closed, at the top, by a detachable reading-sight a4.one of the lateral arms of the hollow T being connected with a supplypipe for the hot air and the other arm being connected by a pipe c witha vacuum manometer o1. The part a2 is integral with the casing d of thechoker member, andin which a hollow conical shall c is enabled torevolve. The chamber o5. with which the pipe is connected, communicates,through a conduit a, with the interior of the casing.

from the latterfinwhich casethe part a would be connected by piping withthe casing cl.

The casingci is provided with two ports diametrically opposed the oneall of which,

, located atthe lower part, is open to the atmosthe suction pipe of theengine by the threaded. coupling d3. The hollow shell e," which is openat one end, toward the part a2, is likewise provided with two ports. el,c2 diametrically opposed, of the same diameter as the ports (Z1, l2 andcoperating therewith. Such f-casing is furthermore provided, at an angleof. 90 degrees from the ports el, e2, wlth a small holefe3 (see Fig, 5).the functionof which will be apparent 'farther on. AThe open end of thecasing d is-closed by a dejtachableA lid d?, having at its center a hole'for fthe passage ofthe stem e0 of the shell e, on-which stem is'secured the controlling arm e4 which, in the .case of amotor-car enlgine for instance, allows the .driver o fisuch vcar to operate, atwill,vfrom his seat and through the medium of lsuitable gearing,

- centrically therein, zi-diffusing tube constithe shell e as re uired'.

Within the ro ary shell e is arranged, contuted (see Figs. 4 and 5) .bya metal tube f,

.the cylindrical wall of which, provided with holes f1, is covered withfine wire-gauze f2 also surrounded by a helical springf3 which keepsitin'place. One ofthe ends'of the tube f is embedded in 'the bottom of theshell andl its other end is maintained in a cup g lwhich is secured bymeans of two screws g1 to the bottom wall of the casing al and containsapiece of felt packing g2-or ,othery ab?,

i sorbent material, which is applied againstv` such wall and has (seeFigs. 4, 5, 8 and 9) 'an .openingg3 providing, within the cup, a chamberinto which the aforesaid conduit a Catesl "with, the interior of thedlifusi'ng tube vf. through a central. ort g4, there also opens cates atits other'end, withthe chamber h1 a conduit h which, ored in the'part a2coaXia'lly with the diifusing tube, communi? which is formed within thesaid part a2 and inl which ishoused-the spraying nozzle z'. `which isabove the channel a?.

y Within the diiiuser'tube f is placed a. needle j the end j of whichextends out- Wardly through the stem eof the shell e V while its otherend jl, of conical.shape, eX-

tends inwardly close to the yconduit h and `part of the needle. y" whichintersects the of forming, within they diffuser tube 7, an

'annular space into'which the liquid is discharged. The outer end j@ ofthe needle y' is likewise reduced- 'and lpasses through a vto hold thepoint of the needle in its normal phere while the other one Z2 isconneeted wlthvpositior'zrrnd to restore the same when'mied" therefromwhile imparting motion-'to the` fuel which `flows throughthe diifusertube f. B y this means,` the liquid, issuing from the sprayingnozzle z'in" the chamber h1` andl which is supplied through the port It, isspread on thewhole of the periphery of the latter-,and can only get outby being very nely divided in the main column'of the air sucked inthrough the casing d. These con- `ditions so favorable to the quicknessof the of the suction pipe. With the present invention, the main columnof the air does not pass through the wire-gauze f2. but is simply' divided aroundthe latter, into two symmetrical streams having a sectionalarea'equal to thatof the suction pipe itself. l

v The small pipe connected with the chamber a5 ofthe portion a2, isopenv at'its outer end to the atmosphere and passes into theinterior ofthe exhaust pipe la of the enf ginevv 'to some distance or preferably.right through the length of the latter. means, the,t small amountofvairsucked 'in throughthe pippe during the suction strokes of theengine is superheated to such an eAX- tent astobe about equal to thetemperature Aof the exhaust gases, temperature which is,

to someextent, proportional to the amount of the air and the fuelconsumed, and it By'. this meets with, under thefform of a hot stream,

.the liquid jet issuing from the sprayernozzle i andonwhich it strikesina directionperpendicular to such jet. `The liquid jet-isf thusimmediately spread in spray or so 'disseminated as to displaya'verylarge area to the superheated air.` The mechanicaland physical actions,combined, t0 which the vtwobodies of air and fuel are subjectedfat thistime and during their ,subsequent passage' to I the main column of theair :have the result:`

of raising considerably' the ytemperature of `the liquid mass and Aof`causing the-latter to pass in part tothe stateof `saturated steam. vThe' aforesaid diffuser tube secures, after p this, the extremely-finesubdivision of the constitutes a point capablezof yobturatingy suchconduit completely or partly. 'l The particles and an increase of .thecontact surface of the main column of air.

The high temperature of the combustiblel mixture supplied to thediffuser tube through the '.port gtacts to :efficiently prevent theobstruction of the meshes of the wire-gauze f2 'in the chamber h1.

by the formation of batches of rime on the surface of the latter. Thewire-gauze itself avoids any danger of a return of the flame to thereservoir a. having the float. but.even in the case of a non-absorptionof the flame by the wire-gauze, a combustion in the passage leading tothe constantly level reservoir a cannot take place by reason of thesmall amount of air present and of its snpersaturated state. l

The movable point j* provides an easy means whereby to vary in a widerange the amount of fuel discharged and this without any modificationeither of the sectional area of the orifice of the sprayer nozzleitself. or of the respective sectional areas of the inlet and outletports (l1. (.72. The chamber LI. into which opens the sprayer nozzle i.is in communication with th, atmosphere through a small hole /12 (seeFig. 2) through which a slnall amount of air is sucked and carriedforward by the oil. through the said chamber and the discharge outlet4z, to the. diffuser tube. VAs the sectional area of theI hole7t2 isalways the same. any diminution ofthe sectional area of the dischargeoutlet if. tends to reduce the' di'erence existing between theatmospheric pressure which acts onthe Constant level and that existing.near the sprayer nozzle 2.

The proper position of the obturating point il with regard to thedischarge outlet I. by which, position the delivery is regulated. isobtained'. for each open position of the shell. by means of a cam lsuitably mounted and secured to the stem cf of the shell e. Such cam.which is carried forward b v the rotation of such shell. transmits. bymeans of an intermediate bell crank lever Z1. pivoted at 7L. therequired amount of motion to the needle j carrying the point y". The cam7 can act on the bell crank lever 7l lthrough the'medium of theadjustable abutment 73. provided at the end of the latter and the saidlever can be connected by means of any suitable gearing. such as the one7". with'a handle llocated within reach of the driver. thus allowing thelatter to act on the leverfl and. through the medium of the'latter. onthe needle j.

for the purpose of completely closing, by

means of the point jl. the orifice l.

During the slow speed periods of the engine or motor. when the latterisA running idle. one can stop completely the entry of the lnain air byso turning the shell c as to move the ports e. cf out of register withthe ports ril. r'- and also as to canse the supply of air to be suckedin exclusively' through the suction pipe ln this position of the shell.the port ci" allows of the passage ofthe sn'mll'amount of combustiblemixture required into the suction pipe.

'l`he horizontal arrangement of the passage for the fuel to the interiorof the shell vin the constant level reservoir (l.

@, and the faculty of being enabled lo stop completely the entry of themain amount of air permit of closing instantaneously the choker. duringthe fast speed periods of the motor, without any loss of fuel whichcontinues for the time being' to flow from the sprayer nozzle v', byreason of the inertia of its motion.v The liquid which lies in thediffuser tube is completely inclosed within the shell. '.llhe fact isthat the slowness of the outflow, which .is brought about by theidleness of the sprayer nozzle and which is commonly found in allcarino-eters. is avoided and the rapid acceleration of the motor on theopening of the shell again is greatly facilitatedY The horizontaldirection given to the liquid on its passage from the sprayer nozzle 'ito the main column of the air and the very fine subdivision of itsparticles at the point of contact with such column secure the mixture.of the' liquid fuel and the air completely. even at -the slowest speedof the air at which the outflow of the liquid can take place. Of course.under extreme conditions. the liquid will pass by gravity. to thediffuser tube f and will be held in suspension therein. by capillarity.on the surface of such tube until. it is carried away by the, air suckedin. rThe essential dillerence which exists. in this particular point ofview. between the device according to this invention and all the otherknown carbureters` of the sprayer nozzle type. results from the factthat. in the latter. a relatively fast speed of the air must bemaintained for the purpose of providing means whereby to breakup andraise the `fuel discharged at all the velocities ofthe motor.

The sprayer nozzle z' is made up of a small plug provided with a hole orport 1. of suitable sectional area and secured in the bottom of thechamber zl. at a point nearly co1'- responding to the upper level of theliquid This arrangement ofthe fastening point of thenozzleisadvantageous as to the facility of the access thereto which it provides.and it also presents this other :ulvantage that the nozzle i can beremoved or replaced without any loss of the liquid contained in theconstant level reservoir. This latter advantage does not exist in any ofthe carbureter devices of the aforesaid type now known. in which thefastening point of the nozzle is found invariably below the level of theliquid so that, when the nozzle is removed. the splashing which results.besides the waste of the fuel carried away. constitutes a source ofdanger of fire.

The sight-light 04. which is located immediately above the nozzle i.permits of ob` serving directly the level of the liquid at the nozzleitself` without having toremove or displace any part of the, apparatus.The

permanent immediately to the nozzle.'

the abovedescribed method of regulating the dischargeof the fuelthrough. the.

medium of the-.obturating `point j?, -Without-I any modification ofthesectional arjea of the` orifice 1 of thenozzle. and Withouuany.variation of the .respective sectionaly inlet. and outlet areasofthe-ports c1, c? ofthey shell, there canbeobtained a constant indicationof the -consumption of the` fuel inv liters per hour, as the degree ofconsumption 1s a direct factor of the sectional areaof the nozzle and ofthe vacuum existing immediately above such orifice.y The manometer c1,

in the case,` of its application to amotor-car or an aeroplane, can belocated in a position suitable for being constantly under the eyes ofthe driver-who `can thus obtama complete control of the proportions ofthe mixture `in ajjf'ery simple manner and Without any poth'ering. e y

In case the constant level reservoir a should be located at somedistance from the body d, instead of being placed direct against suchvbody as in the arrangement hereinbefore described, the fuel would bebrought to the diffuser tubeby means of a pipe leading from thel chamberh1. AThat being so, there Would be available a supplementary means (oronethat might be made` use of insteadl of thez'heating `ofuthetube l?)wherebyY to than these; hitherto attained. u

In the second emb diment oflithe invention lshown Figs. `l() to 13inclusively, the

regulatingpoint locatedy in the axial line of motor -ivithin limits ofthe speed range Wider' y the tube mixing Ithe oil with the hot. air issupply conduit..

replaced by afrotfary and yhollow obturator lwhich yis alsolocatedjinthe axial line of the' mixing 'tube and which is located at the sametime in the prolongation of the hot air Such air is thus supplied directto the mixing tube` Without any'appreciable loss of head, so that thedepression produced in themixing tube acts fully on the orifice of thenozzle and that the delivery of the oil proportionate to ythe de-`livery ofthe air becomes as exact as possible,-

a designatesthe constant level reservoirA This, concurrently with the-.concordance with themrequirenients of 'the "is enabled to revolve, suchshell serving -to regulate the entry of the air through the sight-lighta4 can be removed instantane-l d the casing in which the conical shell eously and when so' removcd, one has access lower aperturedofthecasingandtheissue yof the ymixture through the upper aperture d2`when thelatter is connectedwith the motor. Suchshell, heldin the casingby i y,the lid d4, can beturnedbr revolved atvvill .by means ,of the, arm je? 'secured to its stemco. l lThrough the stem e vpassesajrod ftassociated with they perforated tube and carry? ing at its outer end anut]c5 which allows' of y itsbeing rendered stationary With regard to'the shell e on account of the clampingxof the stemc0 between each nutand the tube Between Vthel tubef and a cylindrical sieve Y lofwire-gauzel f?, concentric with such tube` is placed a helical springf3,Which has sev* eral functions, one of which serves to hold thewire-gauze f2 in place ata predetermined such a manner as to enable themixture of air and oil issuing from the holes f1 of the tube tobe'easily allotted betweenall the meshes of the sieve f2; the .springf3' serves also to push the shellte toward the lid Z1-fin rotation ofthesocket-q1J isk prevented by'a stationary pindG engagedin one of theholes n2 made in the flange nl; on the other hand,

' distance from the surface ofthetube f in the obturator m is so coupledWithithe tube f by means of catches f6 vas to becaused to turn orrevolvein association With the tube and consequently Withthe 'shell e.Such rotation has'the effect of uncovering; more or less one of thelsprayer ports'fa3 made in .the socket n because the'i'nner'end loftheoloturator m ishelically cut and mayfmiss'` 4Wholly or in partsuclrport. 4 The pitch of the screurl 'andthe fixation ofthe tube lwithregard to the shell e, hy meansof the nut f5, are preferably soregulated that the segment of the circle of the .port n? uncoveredby'the edge 'of the helical edge of the obturator m shall be exactlyproportional to the circle segments of the orifices d1, d2 uncoveredLbythe rectilinear edges e5,

e of theapertureswel, fe? of ythe shell. Tou

the outer end of the 'socket -nis coupled the u tube whichA afterhavingy traversed Athe whole of the length ofthe exhaust collector lcbrings the hot air as directly aspossible to the carbureter; the partyof such tube com- '1 prised between the collectorlc and the carbureteris covered by a heat retainingfsheath in order that the air supply shallbe,`:a's hot as possible. e l

The oil or other fuel goes from the reservoir a to the sprayer port itsthrough a channel as provided in a junction piece a2 which connectsthereservoir a with the easing d and one or both of such members.

The operation is as follows: Under the influence of the suction producedby the motor in the casing ai, the outer air enters through the portsd1, e1 and issues at a point diametrically opposite at e2, Z2 afterhaving vtransversely to the stream of heating the greater withoutreducing the specific gravity of thel tween the deliveries passedsymmetrically each side of the sieve f2 and after having lickedthe wholesurface of the same. Through such sieve, the depression is transmittedto the interior of the tube 7", of the obturator m of the socket n andof the tube ZJ so that there is .produced a call for hot air throughsuch tube and a call for oil through the port 11,3 communicating withthe conduit a3. The oil j'et led hot airis carried forward by the latterthrough n, m, f and f2; in such course, the oil is highly heated and isvolatilized in part; the passage of the oil through the sieve f2`completes the pulverization tion of the oil, so thatlthe current of airentering through d1 carries forward a 1nix ture of hot air and of oilvapors inclosing onlya very little oil in the pulverized liquid state.Such result is obtained without overpart of the air and hence gaseousmixture, which would be detri-I mental to the power of the motor. Forslow running, the shell e is turned in such a manner that the aperturesel, e2 are closed. However, the motor continues to suck in a smallamount of the combustible mixture through a small port e7 made in thewall of the shell and through a small tube es of which the lower endopens into the lower chamber of the shell; the mixture is then formedexclusively of oil and hot air. The function of the tube es is toexhaust the oil which would tend to settle at the bottom of the shell onthe slow working of the motor, such oil finding itself sucked through,such tube, and pulverized at its issue in the hotv air sucked in at thesame time. The arrangement of the socket n allows of locating any o'neof the holes n3 in front of the channel a3 so that in giving tosuchholes slightly different diameters, it is easy to change thedelivery of the oil. One can furthermore easily modify theAproportionate part beof the air and oil by slightly changingtheiixation of the tube f and consequently of the obturator m withregard to the shell.

' laims: Y

1.- ln a carbureter, the combination of a suction and mixing casingadapted to receive direct from the atmosphere the main supply of airwithout being previously which may be associated either with v sprayernozzle; and

and the volatilizay the nozzle penetrates into part of the -in the saidheated, a mixing tube having its wall perforated and located in saidcasing, a sprayer nozzle, a conduit adapted to bring into the saidmixing tube a small complementary air supply with. the fuel issuing fromthe means whereby to heat such complementary air supply.

2. In a carburetor, the combination of a suction and mixing casing,adapted to receive direct from the atmosphere the main air supplywithout being' previously heated, a mixing tube having its wallperforated and-located in said casing, a conduit one end of which opensinto the atmosphere and the other end into the said mixing tube andserving to bring therein a small complementary air supply, means wherebyto heat such conduit and consequently such complemen-` tary air supply,andl a sprayer nozzle opening into the said conduit in proximity to thesaid mixing tube. v 3. Ina carbureter, the combination of a casinghaving two opposite openings, a. hollow shell revolving in such casingand having corresponding openings, a mixing tube having its wallperforated and located in axial line with such shell, a conduitcommunica-ting on the one hand with one end of such tube, and on theother hand with the atmosphere, heating means adapted to heat oneportion of thesaid conduit, and a nozzle opening at a short distancefrom the lsaid end of the mixing tube, so that, under the influence of asuction inthe said casing, a mixture of hot air which is suppliedthroughthe said conduit such mixing tube and passes through itsperforatedwall to be mixed with the air which passes through theopenings of the said casing and of the said shell.

4. In a carbureter, the combination of a basing having two oppositeopenings, a shell revolving in such casing and having also two oppositeopenings, a mixing tube l'ocated at the center of such shell and havingits wall perforated, a socket located in the prolongation of such tubeand having in its wall a sprayer orifice, va tube located in theprolongation of such socket and opening -into the atmosphere, meanswhereby to heat such tube, and a hollow obturator revolving socket andadapted to obturate inA such a manner as to regulate the said sprayerorifice, such obturator being operatively connected with the saidrevolving shell.

5. In a carbureter, the combination of a and of fuel from4 having in itswall a sprayernozzle of cirsuch sprayerorifice, the active edge of suchcular shape, a tube located in the prolongation of such socket andopening into the atmosphere,` a conical hollow obturator revolving inthe-said socketgand adapted to obturate in such a manner as to regulateobturator being substantially rectilinear,

"-.vand the said obturator being operatively connected with the shell sothat the uncovered portions of the sprayer nozzle .and of the openingsof the casing have the shape of -circle segmentsv and are alwayssubstantially similar to one'another.

6; In a carbureter, the combination of a casing having openings at thebottoni and at the top, a hollow shell revolving in such casing*` andhaving twoopposite openings adapted tp correspond to those of thecasing, and having also two small openings adapted to open into theupper opening of the casing and a tube leading from one of such small'openings and extending through such hollow shell in proximity to thepoint diametricall y opposite to the said small opening, for the purposespecified.

7. In a carbure'ter, the combination of a i suction and mixing casing,4having a main Iair inlet, a hollow shell revolvingin such casing andhaving openings .diametrically opposite, a mixing tube located at thecenter of such shell and having its wall perforated, means for,supplying liquid fuel and air to the mixingtube, afhelical springlocated around such tube, and a,wiregaa1ze.cylin der placed around suchspring and spaced by lsaid springfrom the surface of the mixing tube.

8. In a carbureter, the combination of a suction and `mixing casing ahollow shell rei' volvingin such casing, a vtube located at the centerof such shell` andhaving its wall perforated, such tube being adjustablysecured to one end of the said shell, a socket located-v` i in theprolongation of such tube andsecured to the said casing, such sockethaving a spray orifice in its wall, a hollow obturator revolvingin'su'ch socket and operatively -connected with the said tube, and meanswhereby to revolve the shell with such tube and with .such obturator.

9. In a carbureter the" combination of a `suction and mixing casing, amixing tube located in said casing and having its wall perforated, aconduit connecting saidtube with the atmosphere, a sprayernozzle in suchconduit, aijmanometenand la'tube the end of which 1s connected wlth suchmanometer and 'the opposite end of which opens in proximity to thesprayer nozzle.

10. In a carbureter, the'combination of a suction casing having twooppositeopen and means for regulating the amountaof liquid fuelsupplied.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my invention Il have signedmy name in presence of *two subscribing witnesses.

i DANIEL CAI-IILL.

'Witnessesz LUomN MEMMINGER,

MAURIon ROUX.

